Groundwater lab report Essays

Groundwater lab report Essays Groundwater lab report Paper Groundwater lab report Paper Although you are only required to respond to the questions in this worksheet, you are strongly encouraged to answer the other questions from the text on your own; doing so will make answering the required questions easier. Questions are from Conscience Laboratory, 5th De. (up. 213-226), by T. Freeman, 2009, New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Reprinted with permission. Lab Questions 12. 2 (A) How many cubic kilometers of water reside within groundwater? The answer is 8. 4 million cubic kilometers of ground water. 12. 2 (B) How many more times abundant is groundwater than water on land? The answer is 0. 2 times more than that is abundant on land. 8. 4: 0. 2 8. 4/0. 2 = 42 Ground water is xx more abundant 2. 5 So what do you suppose happened when over-pumping of the saturated zone was stopped by that other California state agency? Levels would begin to rise up to a point where the aquifer shell was not damaged from drying out. 12. 6 Can you imagine what happened when the water table rose? Hint: Asphalt and concrete are only so strong. As water levels rise so would the settle landscape above causing the asphalt and concrete to shift and crack from ground pressure. 2. 7 If, for the model in Figure 12. 11, Hal were 506 Ft, h2o were 497 Ft, and I were 50 Ft, what would be the hydraulic gradient (in percent) between well #1 and well #2? Answer: 6 % (506 497)/1 50 = 0. 06 * 100 = 6 % 12. 11 If contaminants were to find their way into groundwater at Acme Industries, in which well would those contaminants be more likely to appear the well at the Smith farmhouse, or the well at the Jones farmhouse? The answer is the second one: Jones farmhouse 12. 18 Which of the six wells in Figure 12. 25 in Chi. 12 should be flowing artesian wells? : The answer is the fourth, fifth and the sixth well-portions where there is a lower ground elevation. 12. 9 In Figures 12. AAA and B, two depressions are occupied by water, whereas others are dry. (A) Explain this presence and absence of ponds in these two figures. In figure A, the pond was prevented into diminishing due to the saturated area brought about by the resistant clay in the first pond in figure B, in the other hand, the first opening is a non-resistant type of land and the second opening is a resistant material that can hold water. (B) If the two ponds were perennial (i. . , year-round) ponds, because of intersecting the water table, how would the presence or absence of water in he other depressions differ from that which is shown? Springs are formed either from a destroyed steam, sinkholes, or valleys. Caves are also formed from saturated area of land where a land will sprout and will construct as caves. 12. 20 Judging from what you learned from information in Figure 12. A AA in Chi. 12, how might one seal a leaking stock pond? Hint: Were talking three steps here, with steps #1 and #2 being the draining and restoring of pond water. The first thing that you should do is to drain the water in the pond, then put resistant clay o the bottom of the hole. Once done, you can fill back with water. 12. 21 Examine Figure 12. 22. At a glance, several ponds might be mistaken for stock ponds. However, there is evidence indicating that the large pond at coordinates P-5 is surely a sinkhole. What is that evidence? Hint: The evidence appears in the relationship between the pond and a man-made feature. The answer is that the rock bridge will hold the land and will not permit water to be drained 12. 5 Do water levels in these three lakes (as well as others) appear to be overfed by the vagaries of spotty rainfall and random surface drainage, or do they appear to mark systematic elevations on a water table? Hint: Notice the elevations of the bottoms of dry sinkholes relative to the water levels in ponds. The answer is elevation of water table. Lab Summary Address the following in a 100- to 200-word summary: Summarize the general p rinciples and purpose of the lab. Explain how this lab helped you better understand the topics and concepts addressed this week. Describe what you found challenging about this lab. Describe what you found interesting about this lab. Write your summary here: This lab experiment is provided in order to comprehend the water system in the planet. Even it be a pond, a hole or a lake, one can never really understand the reason why the water ended up there. I also share this same difficulty. But with the aid of this laboratory experiment, I can now comprehend why the water ended in there. Also understand something unless you see it with your own eyes. I realized that there are various materials and information that are interesting to study and to know in these bodies of water.

Society and Culture in Provincial America

Society and Culture in Provincial America The article titled, Crime and social control in provincial Massachusetts, by David Flaherty is basically a review of criminal activity in modern America. The analysis is majorly focused in the state of Massachusetts which in real sense represents a big part of what is generally referred to as provincial America.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Society and Culture in Provincial America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article tries to bring out the importance of social control in addressing the issue of criminality in the United States. Among the major issues highlighted include the maintenance of homogeneity in the population, the establishment of a proper system for the prosecution of criminals as well as the involvement of certain interest groups (such as church leaders) in commending appropriate behavior and rebuking undesired character. This article is very relevant to the course as it clearly provides an i llustration of how different components of society influence each other’s development over certain periods of time. Aside from this, American history focuses on various aspects of societal development including the development of criminal law and its application in conjunction with other strategies to reduce vices in society. The author’s main line of argument is that society makes criminals. This is drawn from his proposition that in order to address the issue of rampant crime, it is important for persons to first look at the roles they play in ensuring that the society around them is safe (Tolles 1957, 102). This includes encouraging the individual to personally exercise ideal morality before trying to establish ways of making the community function as a strong cohesive whole. According to the author, crime keeps on developing new facets as the years pass by. Provincial and national crimes are basically on an upward trend this is the main reason why the relevant crim e-prevention authorities need to draw on the resources and skills of different members of their teams in order to arrest the situation. The author explains that crime cannot only be tackled using policing methods only. He asserts that there are some types of criminal activities, such as those linked to drug abuse, which are prevented by tackling the underlying challenge. These, the author says are dealt with by modifying the environment in which they happen or sometimes by altering the social conditions that are purported to have basic linkages as far as the activities are concerned. Flaherty also asserts that in order to reduce crime, a conscious effort has to be made in order to provide support to those individuals who fall victim to the acts of criminals. This, according to him provides the required support to police investigations as well as to ensure that victims are not targeted again.Advertising Looking for article on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Using facts from the Massachusetts provincial criminal records over a given period of time, the author establishes that the art of crime prevention is an analytical process that starts by establishing the causes of criminal acts, the damage they cause to the victims and the amount of resources and skills that will be used to properly mitigate the situation. In this regard, Flaherty suggests that the prevention of criminal activities is most likely going to be effective if the strategies are based in the regions closest the occurrence, i.e. the interventions are more effective if carried out at a provincial level than at a national level. The approach taken is even more effective if a number of problem solving strategies are directed towards the solution of one criminal activity (Frank 2008, 238). Provincial governments, therefore, have a very critical duty as far as the control and prevention of crime is concerned (McDougall 2005, 46). The article has served to enlighten me in a number of ways, both as a scholar and as an individual. First is the fact that I have been able to establish the correlation between individual conduct and its effect in the security and character of society. In this regard, the article has shown me that change in society starts with the individual and that it is only until every member of a given community decides to lead a positive life that change happens. Secondly, I have been able to understand how the provincial culture determines the outlook of the entire society and that the input of various key social groupings can impact on a regions history. Pertaining to this, I have been able to link the basic social unit i.e. the family to the development of individual character which in turn has an impact on proper societal functioning. In his article, David Flaherty has raised a number of important questions. Top on the list is whether or not the destruction of the family structu re is responsible for the surging crime rates. His discussion appears to support the ideology that stability of the family set up is important in the raising of a responsible citizenry. Another question raised by the author and which has also been resolved is the connections are between various social vices such as alcoholism and crime. The author suggests that it is imperative for agencies handling crime to address the underlying issues while seeking solutions for criminal activities.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Society and Culture in Provincial America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Flaherty, David.1981. â€Å"Crime and Social Control in Provincial Massachusetts†. The  Historical Journal, 24, pp 339-360 Frank, Andrew. 2008. American Revolution: people and perspectives. California: ABC-CLIO McDougall, Walter. 2005. Freedom Just Around the Corner: A New American  History: 1585-1828. New York: HarperCollins Tolles, Frederick. 1957. James Logan and the culture of provincial America. New York: Little Brown

The Ageing population Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Ageing population - Research Paper Example The study of ageing population has been important to policy makers because of its implications to the burden of the retirement system, health care provisions and caring for this population Life expectancy can also be a measure of a potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures. Review of literature Are there really some reasons why some people age faster than others? According to researches and studies, there are really factors that lead to early ageing of populations and some of these have impact on socio economic and health consequences. In the reports of Gosh, 2011, Homeschooling website 2011, BBC News 2011, and Reuters 2011, there is evidence that people with lower education are prone to age more quickly than those with higher education. This evidence points to the researchers from Britain and the United States that examined the length of sections of DNA telomers of 450 people who took part in a long term health y study. Findings of the study showed people who did less well at school had shorter telemores suggesting they may age faster. Stibich (2009) defines telemores â€Å"as bits of â€Å"junk DNA† at the end of chromosomes that protect your real DNA every time a cell divides. What happens is that, due to how cells divide, the very last bit of a chromosome can’t be copied 100% - a little bit gets cut off. It was thought that, as cell divide, the telomeres get shorter each time, until they are gone. At that point, the â€Å"real DNA† cannot be copied anymore and the cell simply ages and no longer replicates†. Further research showed chronic HIV infection speeds up aging by as much as 20 to 30 years (Rickabaugh et al. 2011) According to WHO, the risk of HIV infliction in South Africa, shortens the lives of people wherein 10% of its population with ages 50-54 are living with HIV. On this, study of Pebody (2009) on life expectancy of people with AIDS in US is redu ced by 21 years. Comparing this with black and white’s life expectancy of those diagnosed with HIV, study showed white men have higher years of 25.5 years than black men of 19.9 years and Hispanics with 22.6 years. However, these figures showed an improvement and an increased over the 1969 figures which are relatively shorter. The socio economic consequences are some of the reasons for early ageing as seen in the report of Park of CNN (2011) that said baby boomers are aging faster than previous generations. Park posed the observations that senior population are less healthy and heavier than their parents were at their age; boomers think of themselves as young, but they’re aging physiologically faster, and more often, they are bothered with stress, obesity, health care, brain function and arthritis Methodology The study will use exploratory research in order to discover general information on the ageing population. When the goal of a study is to gain an insight to a par ticular topic or situation, an exploratory research is an appropriate design for the study (KnowThis.com). This approach has been selected because the research is new and it is hard to pinpoint the research direction. So in using this, result of study may be used for a more formal research direction. Data collection will be gathered from secondary sources of published articles and studies. Discussions A comparison of life expectancy in selected countries is presented in Table 1 to show differences among developed, emerging and third world countries. Table 1. Demographic comparison, by country 2011 Country POPULATION AGE STRUCTRE65 Yrs & above FERT.